Water treatment methods

13/05/2019 - Tin tức
Water treatment methods

1. Desalination by direct contact membrane

If you can exploit the vast ocean, everyone will have excess water. But in order for it to be desalinated, existing technologies that do this are not effective and costly.

That's why the new method was developed by Professor New Jersey Professor Kamalesh Sirkar. In Sirkar's direct contact distillation system (DCMD), seawater is heated through a plastic film with a series of tubes containing cold distilled water. These tubes have tiny holes designed to allow moisture to penetrate but the salt compartment. Water vapor is condensed water. (Model of a treatment plant wanted by membrane contact method directly in Oman)

According to Professor Sirkar, this system can produce 80 liters of drinking water 100 liters of seawater, twice the capacity of current desalination technologies.

2. Ceramic filter method

Ceramic filters (clay) work in a manner similar to the desalination technology introduced above. Basically, water flowing through clay has a lot of tiny holes, allowing water molecules to pass through but preventing bacteria, dirt and other harmful materials.

This type of filter was first developed by a British potter, Henry Doulton, around 1800. Later many improvements were made based on this idea, such as adding silver coating to kill bacteria, so the Today's ceramic filters eliminate the pathogens better.(Introduction of ceramic filter products)

3. Herbal decontamination method

Basically with a small amount of fluorine (0.8 - 1.2 milligrams / liter) in drinking water is good for teeth, more harmful to health.

Researchers in India have developed a filtration system that uses a common herb to absorb excess fluoride in drinking water. This system is also used to filter toxic heavy metals in water, absorb fluoride ions when water passes at a temperature of about 27 degrees C.

4. Arsenic removal method (Arsenic).

Tsanangurayi Tongesayi, a professor of chemistry at Monmouth University (NJ), developed an arsenic removal system (arsenic) with a conventional, small-sized plastic drinking water bottle and coated cysteine ​​(an amino acid). When the plastic pieces are put into the water, cysteine ​​will combine and reduce arsenic and make the water drinkable. In tests, water with dangerous arsenic content of 20 parts per billion was reduced to 0.2 parts per billion, meeting the "drinkable" standard.

5. Nano water filtration method

The structure of tiny objects has the potential to help clean up drinking water in the world. Researchers at the D.J Technical Institute. Sanghvi of India said that filters made from nano carbon and aluminum fibers are able to remove not only sediments and bacteria, but 

also filter harmful components such as arsenic.

Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology even consider using nanotechnology to desalinate. They are experimenting with using graphene sheets (a form of carbon, with a microscale of only 1 atom thick) to filter seawater. With nanotechnology, it is possible to create sheets full of tiny holes, only one-billionth of a meter thick, that can block salt particles but allow water molecules to pass through.

(Exaggerated model of network structure of a Nano tube in Nano water filtration technology)

6. Ceramic disc filtered water

 Filters are a convenient and inexpensive solution to clean water. But the University of Virginia humanitarian organization called PureMadi ("Madi" - local South Africa means "water") also introduces an easy-to-use technology that can clean a simple tank of water. how to immerse MadiDrop in water. MadiDrop is a small ceramic disc which has copper or silver nanoparticles that can kill bacteria.

(MadiDrop disc model - Ceramic Nano water filter with Nano Nano / silver bactericidal)

7. Quick disinfection with ultraviolet pen

For visitors, exposure to unsafe water is a big risk. Great if you can just dip the magic wand into the water and clean it! That is not fanciful. Hydro Photon's handheld device called SteriPEN uses ultraviolet light to kill bacteria, using filtration technology used in 

bottling plants but shrinks only weighs 184 grams and removes the backpack. Dip this device into a liter of spring water for 90 seconds and you can safely drink it.

 

(Quick bactericidal tool with ultraviolet rays, handy for traveling)

 

8. Eliminate toxins with bacteria

 

One of the promising new water filtration methods was developed by researchers at Robert Gordon Scotland University: they have identified more than 10 different strains of bacteria capable of neutralizing microcystins. If the bacteria is added to the water, they can detoxify microcystin and make it safe to drink without using any chemicals (potentially harmful).

 

9. Sterilize with salt

 

Joshua Pearce, professor of materials science and engineering at Michigan Technological University, and colleague Brittney Dawney of the University of Queens in Ontario have come up with a solution to disinfect water with just ... salt. Water is treated through the flocculation process, where a small amount of table salt is added to the water to remove scale. Although the obtained water has a higher salt content than usual, it is safe.

 

10. Eliminate chemicals with "super sand"

 

Sand and gravel were used to filter water thousands of years ago. But recently, scientists have found a way to wrap graphite oxide grains to create "super sand" that can filter harmful substances such as mercury from the water more than five times as effective as regular sand.

 


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